Fanleaf virus is spread by which means?

Fanleaf virus is spread by which means?

• A. Grafted vines following phylloxera and the inadvertent use of infected plant material; also spread by dagger nematodes
• B. Spread by wind-blown spores
• C. Spread by aphids
• D. Spread by irrigation water

Answer: (A)

Fanleaf virus spreads mainly through vegetative propagation of infected material and by dagger nematodes in the soil. If vines used for grafting or planting are infected, the virus is introduced into new vineyards. In the soil, dagger nematodes feed on grapevine roots and can transmit the virus from an infected plant to healthy ones during their feeding. Wind, water, and aphids are not the typical vectors for this virus, so those routes aren’t responsible for its spread.

Fanleaf virus spreads mainly through vegetative propagation of infected material and by dagger nematodes in the soil. If vines used for grafting or planting are infected, the virus is introduced into new vineyards. In the soil, dagger nematodes feed on grapevine roots and can transmit the virus from an infected plant to healthy ones during their feeding. Wind, water, and aphids are not the typical vectors for this virus, so those routes aren’t responsible for its spread.